![Engraving of Edward IV extolls his troops to fight their Lancastrian foes at the Battle of Towton (29 March 1461). This was first published in: Grant, James (1880) [1878] "Chapter XVI" in British Battles on Land and Sea, Volume 1, London, Paris and New York: Cassell Petter and Galpin, pp. p. 91](https://thewarsoftheroses.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/the-battle-of-towton-by-john-quartley-9eae3f.jpg)
A brief letter from Francesco Coppino. In it he notes that the situation in England presents a rare opportunity for the Milanese, without elaborating in this correspondence as to what these are. Remember that such…
This letter from Francesco Coppino to the Duke of Milan, dated 17 April 1461, hints at the urgency of the situation in England. At least in so far as it may impact on the writer…
The author of this letter, dated 14 April 1461, is not identified. Written to Pigello Portinaro, it relates the outcome of the Battle of Towton. In the letter the outcome is made clear, with a…
News of the Battle of Towton reached the continent in a piecemeal fashion. Reports varied in their accuracy and, despite often having the same source of details, often contradicted each other. This letter from the…
On 13 April 1461 Master Antonio, physician, wrote to Francesco Coppino. In his letter he relays news and rumours that he has heard of recent events in England. Antonio’s sources Master Antonio’s source of news…
The Bishop of Elphin had earlier relayed news that he, among others, had received about the Battle of Towton. He was well placed to hear the Yorkist accounts, having previously noted that he was in…
On 25 March 1470 Henry Percy was reinstated as Earl of Northumberland by King Edward IV. Henry Percy had been denied his inheritance as Earl of Northumberland because of his father’s affiliation to the Lancastrians. The 4th…
The Milan State Papers include summaries as well as full letters. These, dated 4 and 9 April 1461 notes the victory of Edward IV at Towton, along with a brief account of the situation politically. …
Margaret of Anjou was born in Pont-a-Mousson in France on 23 March 1430 . Her parents were Rene, Count of Anjou and claimant of the title King of Naples, and Isabella Duchess of Lorraine. By birth,…
John Kemp, bishop and statesman, died on 22 March 1454. Kemp had risen through the ecclesiastical and administrative ranks during the reign of Henry V. A highly capable man, he was involved in the execution of…